Four layers of law
In every jurisdiction, what the law says about the jury's role comes in layers. At the top is the constitution, state or federal. Under it are the statutes the legislature passed. Under those are the rules the courts write for themselves. At the bottom, and closest to the jury, is the instruction the judge reads aloud before the jurors go out.
The layers do not always agree. A constitution written in one century and an instruction written in another can say different things about the same question, and both are the law. How a jurisdiction squares them is one of the things that makes each chapter different.
The count across the country
This guide covers 52 jurisdictions: the fifty states, the District of Columbia and the federal courts. Counted by the build from the chapters' own data:
23 constitutions or charters address the jury's role in deciding the law. 29 do not.
In 49, a standard instruction tells jurors to take the law from the court.
In 51, every juror has to agree before a criminal verdict can be returned.
Those are the counts. The names behind them, and the words each jurisdiction uses, are in the chapters.
The power and the instruction
Put the layers together and the national picture is this: nearly everywhere, a jury is told to apply the law as the judge states it, and nearly everywhere, a verdict of not guilty is final whatever the reason behind it. The instruction and the power sit side by side.
What the courts have made of that is the part that varies. In some jurisdictions the courts have said plainly what a jury may and may not be told. In others the question has come up less often, or in a narrower form. The chapter for each jurisdiction sets out what its own courts and rules say, and no more than that.
Which layer governs in your state
For a person called for jury service, or sitting in a courtroom, the national picture is background. What matters is the instruction a particular judge will read, the rule a particular court follows, and the sentence a particular constitution carries. Those three things are different in every one of the 52 jurisdictions, and the chapter for yours puts them on one page, quoted and cited.